Medicine and wounds

Blood

You have about 11 pints of blood. Wounds drain it in fluid ounces a minute; what happens as it falls is below.

Blood comes back at 1.4 fl oz a minute while you are fed, watered and not bleeding: about 5.3 pt an hour.

A saline drip or a transfusion gives 17 fl oz at 2.8 fl oz a minute.

Wounds

Every kind of wound, worst bleeders first. Each wound is minor, moderate or severe by how hard the hit was. A dirty wound must be disinfected or it becomes infected.

A hit that costs less than 8 health leaves a minor wound, less than 22 a moderate one, and anything more a severe one.

Ammunition changes a gunshot wound: hollow points and soft points bleed more and stay in more often, armor-piercing rounds less. See each caliber's page.

What causes which wound

The wounds each kind of damage leaves, and how often.

A fall or a blunt hit to the head becomes a concussion 60% of the time.

Treatments

Everything you can do to a wound or a patient, the item it uses up, and the Medicine proficiency it needs. Hard procedures need 10 more when you do them on yourself.

Treatment	Uses	Time	Medicine needed	What it does	Limits
Adrenaline	Adrenaline Shot	2.5 s		Brings a downed survivor round, but only once they are stable: every big bleed stopped, about 101 fl oz of blood in them and a heartbeat. Given too early, their eyes flicker open, they slip back under and the dose is wasted. During CPR it helps a stopped heart start again. Races the heart.
Antibiotics	Antibiotics	2 s		Knocks back sepsis and wound infection at once, then helps your body fight the germs for half an hour. Old pills do less.
Antiviral	Antiviral	2.5 s		Pushes the Bloom back hard. A medic's skill makes it go further.
Burn Gel	Burn Gel	3 s		Cools a burn and takes some of the pain away, and a cooled burn seals about twice as fast under its dressing.
Disinfect	Alcohol	3 s		Clean the wound. It burns. The alcohol keeps it clean only until it evaporates, so change the dressing or clean it again later. Strong alcohol works far better than vodka.
Herbal Poultice	Herbal Poultice	4 s		Stops light bleeding and fights infection.
Painkillers	Painkillers	1.5 s		Dulls pain for a few minutes.
Rag dressing	Cloth	3.5 s		Stops some bleeding. A boiled rag is clean, an ordinary one is half clean and torn clothes are filthy, and the wound under it gets as dirty as the rag is.
Remove dressing		2.5 s		Take the old dressing off so a fresh one can go on. A wound that hasn't closed yet starts bleeding again.
Remove tourniquet		2 s		Take the tourniquet off.
Rewarm		15 s		Warm the frozen skin slowly, against your body or in warm water. Never rub it. Only once you're out of the cold: if it thaws and freezes again, you lose it.
Sterile Dressing	Sterile Dressing	4 s		Stops most bleeding and keeps the wound clean. A deep wound takes more than one before it is covered.
Tourniquet	Tourniquet	3 s		Stops all bleeding in the limb. Hurts, and the limb suffers if left on over 10 minutes.
Splint	Splint	7 s	5	Set and brace a fracture so it can heal.
Saline drip	Saline Bag	6 s	10	+17 fl oz of fluid over a minute. Any blood type.
Suture	Suture Kit	9 s	10	Close a clean wound so it stops reopening and starts to heal.
Draw blood	Empty Blood Bag	10 s	15	Take 15 fl oz from a healthy donor into a blood bag.	Someone else must do it
Morphine	Morphine	2.5 s	15	Kills almost all pain. Slows the heart. Too much stops it.
Blood transfusion	Blood Bag	8 s	20	+17 fl oz of real blood. The wrong type causes a reaction.
Field Surgery Kit	Field Surgery Kit	12 s	20	A full trauma kit worked through in one go: it cleans, packs and dresses the four worst wounds with sterile dressings and runs in 8 fl oz of fluid. It will not bring a downed survivor round. Once they are stable, adrenaline does that.
Extract fragment	Surgical Tools	12 s	25	Dig out a lodged bullet or shrapnel.
Reset the bone	Surgical Tools	25 s	40	Open the limb, re-break a badly set bone and set it straight. It's a fresh break afterwards and needs a splint and time. Someone else has to do it.	Someone else must do it

Drugs in your system

How long each drug works, how much pain it takes away and what it does to your heart.

Drug	Lasts	Pain removed	Heart rate change	Safe doses at once
Morphine	8 min	90%	-18 bpm	3
Painkillers	4 min	45%	0 bpm
Adrenaline Shot	1.5 min	20%	45 bpm

Going down, sepsis and the cold

The clocks that matter when things go wrong.

Rule	How it works
Bleeding out on the ground	You have 3 minutes while you are still bleeding. Each hit from the infected takes 4 seconds off.
Stabilized	Once the bleeding is stopped you can lie for up to 10 minutes.
Getting up alone	After 60 seconds stabilized, with at least 6.3 pt of blood, you can struggle to your feet at 35% health.
No second chance	A single head hit that costs 60 health, or a fall that costs 60, kills outright.
A dirty wound	Turns infected after 15 minutes if nobody cleans it, and the infection starts to spread after another 30 minutes.
An undressed wound	Has a 2% chance each minute of picking up dirt. Being filthy yourself makes it worse.
Sepsis	Each spreading wound adds 0.72% a minute. Fever starts at 25%, delirium at 60%, and 100% is fatal.
Antibiotics	One dose takes 45% off sepsis and cleans infected wounds. With nothing spreading it falls by 1.2% a minute on its own.
A tourniquet	Is safe for 10 minutes. After that the limb takes damage, and after 20 minutes the nerves do.
Frostbite	Bare hands or feet in a bitter wind chill freeze: frostnip at once, superficial frostbite after 7 minutes, deep after 12 minutes. Deep frostbite left frozen for 20 minutes costs you fingertips or toes for good.

Lasting injuries

Injuries that stay with you, even through a respawn.

Blood types

Every survivor has a blood type. A transfusion of the wrong type causes a reaction; saline suits everyone.